Un Kyoto Protocol free essay sample

The  Kyoto Protocol  is an amendment to the  United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change  (UNFCCC), an international treaty intended to bring countries together to reduceglobal warming  and to cope with the effects of temperature increases that are unavoidable after 150 years of industrialization. The provisions of the Kyoto Protocol are legally binding on the ratifying nations, and stronger than those of the UNFCCC. Countries that ratify the Kyoto Protocol agree to reduce emissions of six greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming: carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulfur hexafluoride, HFCs and PFCs. The countries are allowed to use emissions trading to meet their obligations if they maintain or increase their greenhouse gas emissions The Kyoto Protocol sets specific emissions reduction targets for each industrialized nation, but excludes developing countries. To meet their targets, most ratifying nations would have to combine several strategies:   * place restrictions on their biggest polluters manage transportation to slow or reduce emissions from automobiles * make better use of renewable energy sources—such as solar power, wind power, and biodiesel—in place of fossil fuels Background The Kyoto Protocol was negotiated in Kyoto, Japan, in December 1997. We will write a custom essay sample on Un Kyoto Protocol or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It was opened for signature on March 16, 1998, and closed a year later. Under terms of the agreement, the Kyoto Protocol would not take effect until 90 days after it was ratified by at least 55 countries involved in the UNFCCC. Another condition was that ratifying countries had to represent at least 55 percent of the world’s total carbon dioxide emissions for 1990. The first condition was met on May 23, 2002, when Iceland became the 55th country to ratify the Kyoto Protocol. When Russia ratified the agreement in November 2004, the second condition was satisfied, and the Kyoto Protocol entered into force on February 16, 2005. As a U. S. presidential candidate, George W. Bush promised to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Shortly after he took office in 2001, however, President Bush withdrew U. S. support for the Kyoto Protocol and refused to submit it to Congress for ratification. Rationale of UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol The ultimate objective of this Convention and any related legal instruments that the Conference of the Parties may adopt is to achieve, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Convention, stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. Such a level should be achieved within a time-frame sufficient to allow ecosystems to adapt naturally to climate change, to ensure that food production is not threatened and to enable economic development to proceed in a sustainable manner. Concluding Remarks While international agreements such as the Kyoto Protocol are certainly a step in the right direction in that they raise awareness about the severity of global climate change, they are not a complete solution and will not solve the problem alone. Real results and improvements will be seen when fundamental reductions in energy consumption and changes in lifestyle are achieved on an individual level across the globe. Continue by reading about  What You Can Do  to contribute towards reducing greenhouse gas emissions and improving your lifestyle. The Effectiveness of the Kyoto Protocol Kyoto Protocol has several provisions and established mechanisms concerning technology transfer which is supposed to favoring technology transfer for reducing the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the world. However, mainly due to the flaws of the provisions and mechanisms, the environmentally sound technologies have not been transferred as smoothly as possible to realize the Kyoto Protocol’s objectives. Therefore, the international community shall take the effectiveness of Kyoto Protocol as a fresh impetus to consummate the legal system of international technology transfer, that is, developing a uniform technology transfer agreement under the WTO with a focus on promoting environmentally sound technology, which may make the developing countries to acquire the technologies they need under the fair conditions and help them build their capacities to develop in a sustainable manner. China does not need to perform the obligation of reducing GHG emission until 2013 according to Kyoto Protocol, but recautions shall be taken to improve its legal systems on technology transfer to make preparations for implementing the policy of scientific development and playing roles in related international legislation. Impact on Spain of Meeting the Kyoto Commitment in 2008-2012 Impact on Delivered Prices to Households and Industry Meeting the Kyoto Protocol target in 2008-2012 through a combination of do mestic actions plus purchases of international credits would increase the price of home heating oil by more than 32%. Consumers would also pay more for gasoline and diesel. If the Spain participates in the Kyoto Protocol’s economy-wide emission reduction program, prices for industry would rise dramatically. Spanish industries would pay more than 42% more for natural gas and 24% more for electricity than under the baseline projection. Under the assumption that the Kyoto Protocol’s emission targets are made even more stringent in the post-2012 period, the impact on household heating oil prices would rise to more than 43% above the baseline estimate by 2025. Gasoline and diesel prices would rise substantially, between 15-19% by 2025. Impact on Energy Consumption In general, the percentage reduction in energy demand would not need to be as large as the required percentage reduction in carbon emissions because not all Btus of energy have the same carbon content. Additionally, purchase of international CO2 credits means that foreign CO2 reductions lessen the need for domestic reductions, thereby avoiding some domestic reductions in energy used. However, use of international credits does have consequences, as companies pass the cost of the international credit onto final consumers of energy via higher prices. Implementation of a limit on carbon dioxide emissions via an international carbon dioxide allowance trading system would result in the following impacts. November 2005 Global Insight, Inc. Page 12 Domestic Sector: The dramatically higher energy prices would force consumers to cut their consumption of energy. Since there is only limited opportunity to substitute more energy efficient appliances and furnaces for the period 2008- 2012, consumers would reduce their consumption of energy services. Longer term, consumers would attempt to replace some of these services by replacing their energy consuming equipment. Industry Sector: Industry would respond to the dramatically higher prices through several mechanisms. First, industry would reduce energy consumption through process change. Second, industry would replace energy-consuming capital with more efficient capital. Third, to the extent possible, production of energy intensive goods would move to non-participating countries. Power Sector: The power sector would be hard hit under these scenarios. The imposition of carbon permits would lead to extremely large increases in the delivered price of electricity, particularly to the industrial sector. Imposition of ever decreasing carbon permit levels would set in motion dramatic changes in this sector. Coal use would decline, slowly at first and then rapidly, as the price drove electricity prices up reducing demand and encouraging the substitution of natural gas or renewables. Investment in natural gas fired generating capacity would alleviate some of the pressure on electricity prices, but with the ever increasing stringency of the target, investment in end-use efficiency would need to be as great or greater than improvements in power supply efficiency. Transportation Sector: The impact on the transportation sector would be significant. However, due to the high taxes already in place on transportation fuels, the percentage change in price due to the addition of the carbon permit fees is less than the change in price in other sectors. Longer run, the permit price would have to be high enough to reduce energy use in this sector as the target tightens. Even assuming an international carbon dioxide emission allowance trading scheme, meeting the Kyoto targets would result in the following: ? Coal, with the highest carbon content of the energy sources, would be the hardest hit. Petroleum would experience the smallest percentage decline of the fossil fuels because of strong demand and limited technology substitution options in the transportation sector over the forecast horizon. ? Natural gas demand would initially increase relative to the baseline as it is substituted for coal and petroleum but ultimately would need to decline as the cutb acks in demand outweigh this substitution effect. ? The demand for renewables would increase in all the cases. ? For this analysis, it was assumed that nuclear and hydroelectric energy would not change. Economic Impacts Output and employment losses would be expected under the Kyoto Protocol because: energy-using equipment and vehicles would be made prematurely obsolete; consumers would be rattled by rapid increases in living costs; and financial ministers would most likely need to target more slack in the economy to deflate non-energy prices and thus stabilize the overall price environment. The analysis assumes that the cost of emission allowances would be passed along to consumers in the form of higher energy prices and ultimately high prices for all goods and services. Consumers’ purchasing power would be reduced by the higher cost of using energy, reducing real disposable income. Consumption and residential fixed investment would be the hardest hit components of real GDP because of the direct loss in real disposable income. The short period to phase in the permit prices (2005-2008) would lead to substantial declines in real consumption from Base Case levels in the 2008-12 period. Imports would strengthen relative to Base Case levels, spurred by the competitive price advantage of non-participating Annex B countries, and non-Annex B countries. Real GDP would fall 3. % (26 billion Euros) on average below Base Case levels during the 2008-12 budget period, and 4. 3% (48 billion Euros) below in 2025 under Case 1 and 5. 6% (63 billion Euros) below under Case 2. The economy’s potential to produce would fall below Base Case levels initially with the cut back in energy usage, since energy is a key factor of production. Stronger investment woul d be required over the longer-term to build capital as a substitute for this lost factor. The decline in consumption and residential fixed investment relative to Base Case levels, however, would have a depressing impact on business fixed investment in the near-term. Annual employment losses are projected to be 611,000 jobs in 2010 in the Spain The percentage reduction in employment relative to Base Case levels would be less than the drop in output. This is due to an increase in the labor-to-output ratio (or a decline in labor productivity) attributed to the permit program. Labor productivity would decline because the other factors of production would be less efficient. Only as investment grows and the capital stock is expanded would productivity begin to improve. Post 2012, if the target emission level under the Kyoto Protocol is maintained, the impact on economic performance would begin to lessen. The extreme change in the energy prices experienced during the years between 2008 and 2012 would not be repeated. While the percentage change in prices relative to the baseline would increase somewhat, the year-over-year change in prices would be reduced. However, achieving even more aggressive targets would take ever larger carbon fees, and would continue to take a significant toll on economic performance. http://www. studymode. com/essays/The-Kyoto-Protocol-Business-Ethics-202293. html

ArticleReview2 Essays - Summer Olympic Games, Free Essays

ArticleReview2 Essays - Summer Olympic Games, Free Essays Donald Metoyer Mrs. Gerber Hist, Org, Admin of Phys Ed 15 April 2019 Article Review 2 - (W)NBA wage gap A'ja Wilson, the first pick in the 2018 WNBA draft, will earn just over $52,00 in her rookie season. Compared to the first pick of the NBA draft, Deandre Ayton, she will be earning more than $6 million less. This shows a huge gap in pay between the WNBA and NBA, and it is a huge deal. In the article, Yes, the WNBA Wage Gap Is a Real Thing, Al Neal discusses some of the main reasons critics use to make the argument against the wage gap. But first he gives some the brief history on a wage gap in general, according the U.S. Census Bureau women make 80% of what males do annually. There are hard evidence to show wage gaps in everything but a lot of people just ignore it. The first excuse he attacks is the NBA bringing in much more money than the WNBA so it just makes sense the male athletes get paid so much more. Well, in crunching the numbers Neal found that the WNBA makes at least $51.5 million in revenue, but the maximum salary is just over $100k for a veteran player. Excuse #2 is people not wanting to invest in a young, unstable league that doesn't draw a crowd. In 2017, the WNBA had it's highest league total and average attendances. It goes past attendance too, I have noticed that WNBA is playing more WNBA games than ever before. Excuse #3 is "We're losing money" - team owners. WNBA teams have generally not been very profitable, but so have some teams in other leagues. But the difference is that in other leagues, the owners are willing to invest much more money to make these teams more profitable. And the fourth and final excuse he discusses is the WNBA hasn't been around long enough. The NBA is now in their 23rd season, and they are at the peak of their powers so far. Neal has two suggestions for how the WNBA and it's players should handle their wage gap. Suggestion #1 is raise the player revenue sharing to 50% like the NBA, which seems very reasonable. His second suggestion is just waiting for the inevitable strike that WNBA players will go on. Now, I would always say WNBA players can't be paid more because of how much money the league brings in. I was not educated on these facts, and was unaware. I do believe WNBA players should be paid more, the league definitely makes enough money to raise the maximum salary from $100,000. In doing so, the WNBA will protect their investment in players much better. As of now, many WNBA players go and play overseas because the wage is much higher over there. In the past and recently, I have seen many WNBA players talk about wanting equal pay as men's players. But that is just impossible, the excuses people make about "not enough revenue" or "not enough interest" are real in that interest. The NBA is a multi-billion dollar league and one of the fastest growing sports globally. The WNBA can't afford to pay players equally to the NBA but I do think they could be paid equally considering the percentage of salaries to the revenue brought in. If not, players must go on strike to try and get things to work out. The WNBA players plight of not receiving enough money is real, unfair, and shows the inequality of men and women sports in general.

Describe the various ways of learning about ancient diets and how it Essay

Describe the various ways of learning about ancient diets and how it relates to people's lifestyles - Essay Example Studies of skeletal remains and mummies may be used to show what kind of food the ancients ate. One such study is the research conducted on ‘nutcracker man’, the skull of a Paranthopus Boisei, a relative of humans, who was noted to have a strong jaw and large, flat teeth. For years, it was believed because of the structure and size of its jaw and huge molars that the Paranthopus Boisei at nuts, seeds and other hard items. Further study had revealed, however that the famed ‘nutcracker’ did not crack nuts after all. It appears that despite its large jaw, the Paranthopus Boisei more likely munched on grass, and that the structure of their jaw was more inclined to chewing tough grasses (Choi, â€Å"Nutcracker Man Ate Like a Cow (Or Pig) â€Å". 2011). In the same way, science and modern technology continue to bridge the gap between the past and the present. We know through much research the kinds of food our ancestors ate through the research and study of foss ils, particularly noting the jaw structures, teeth, and stomach contents (if possible) of fossilized and mummified individuals. Geography One of the major indicators of Ancient cuisine can be seen of course, by observing and studying ancient ruins. Expeditions have uncovered skeletal remains, fossils and mummies which have been further studied and analyzed to determine the diet of these individuals before they died. The expedition sites in themselves reveal telling clues about a people’s culture and society, including what they could have possibly eaten, and how they prepared their food. The geography of an area, their climate and type of land, all suggest the kind of food that is grown in an area, and determines if a people are hunters, food gatherers, or fishers. Egypt for example, with their close proximity of the Nile River, proposes that they had access to water supply and fish. Because of their rich soil and lush vegetation, it would make sense that Egypt prospered most of the year, even during times of drought (Philips, â€Å"The Diet of Ancient Egyptians†). A study of ancient Egyptian homes revealed bread ovens, used to cook bread, and cellars, used to keep wine and other food products. Paintings Artworks such as paintings, pottery, and sculptures can be used as evidence as to determining what ancient people ate. Paintings on ancient walls show the fruits, vegetables, and meats that were present and being eaten during the time it was painted. Processes and methods of cooking can also be seen in these artworks. There are paintings of servants making bread, stirring batter, and collecting fruits and vegetables. Other illustrations include men carrying what appear to be pots of milk and cream, or of slaves milking cows and harvesting crops (Philips, â€Å"The Diet of Ancient Egyptians†). Even the early cave men would paint animals, fruits and vegetables on their cave walls. These are telling signs of their diet, as they would only pai nt the things that they could see in their environment. Sometimes, these paintings are of feasts, and involve the killing of certain significant animals, and in some cases, the entire process of how they would prepare their meats. Artifacts Ancient Egyptians also brought food to their graves. They were known to be buried with their earthly possessions as they wished to take their riches and belongings with them to the afterlife. Sometimes, food was even found to be buried in mummy tombs (â€Å"

Health Benefits of Alcohol Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Health Benefits of Alcohol - Essay Example Planning is very crucial for any efficient writing. Effective writing requires adopting risks. Most importantly, an eloquent piece of write displays efficiency in instructional and creative writing. This helps balance the quantity and quality of the writing. An effective author should be able to formulate personal ideas, show flexibility, audacity, and concern for the readers (Tepper 1). Thesis Statement The paper explains in depth of the risks taken by an author while composing the article. Moreover, the paper critically argues to provide an effective summary of article in respect to the use of language and management of risks while writing. Analysis of Article Writers take risks as a way of captivating readers, making their articles more thrilling and more so enhancing the effectiveness of the writing. Risks taken in writing make an article attention grabbing and pleasing to any reader. When an author engages in risk taking while writing an article, he/she explores a new world of d iscoveries, adventure, and opportunities that broaden the author’s potential in making learning a reality. The most important type of risk taken by an author is avoiding the sense of safety. Although not a preferred component in writing, safety is vital while writing. In relation to the article, the author takes the risk of revealing the beneficiaries of alcohol consumption in human life where most of the people know the evil aspects of the same. A writer can chose a highly controversial subject or topic to discuss. This evidences a risk taken by the author. Writing on contentious subject can hoist considerable risks in terms of arguments from the readers about the writer’s opinion or oversight about the article. According to the article, the author risks in writing about a highly debatable topic. Consequently, he goes ahead and dares his viewpoint on the beneficial impact of alcohol to people. Prejudice is another aspect of writing that generates risks. Any article mu st demonstrate both optimistic as well as pessimistic aspects of a chosen issue or subject in order to avoid any misperception or chauvinism. In the article, the author describes both complimentary and inauspicious aspects of alcohol intake. He further describes of the unconventional approaches aimed at improving the people’s standards of living. An outstanding article never comes to a stand on the subject it discusses. It portrays both the good and bad aspects for of the topic for the reader to make the ultimate judgment upon reading the article. Most evidently, in the article, the author does not provide any ruling but on the contrary delivers impartial standpoint about the merits and demerits of alcohol consumption. Arguably, there has been a significant change in language use both in written form and oral use since the 19th century. As new social classes emerge in the 21st century, the desire to utilize written materials and writing materials increases which ultimately le ads to an increased demand of both written and writing material. Any given culture has different societal layers that relate with the several language norms. The three most important of these language norms include the local, standard, and regional language. To present a controversial topic and draw the attention of readers, writers concentrate mainly on standard language (Schallert and Klelman 4). This language would closely to justify debatable topics. However, it calls for personal opinions and facts with evidence to

The Innovative Strategies For Samsung Marketing Essay

The Innovative Strategies For Samsung Marketing Essay Samsung has launched a new generation of tablets. This document will explain whether the industry presents the company with an attractive opportunity and what strategic issues and problems merit front burner managerial attention. Concluding with recommendations. Declaration: I hereby declare that this assignment is my own work and has not been submitted for any subject previously. DUE DATE: 19 March 2013 Executive Summary: You have heard about Samsung, one thing that has made you hear a lot about them is their innovation. Samsung Innovation has kept competitors at bay and made them one of the leading manufacturers of electronics and mobile devices. If you have tried or used a Samsung product, you will agree that it is utilizing the strong Samsung Innovation that has been laid emphasis by the company. Samsung has launched a generation of tablets. The question posed is: Does the outlook for the industry present the company with an attractive opportunity? What strategic issues and problems merit front burner managerial attention? In the existing business environment, internal and external, all the businesses irrespective of its size have to face and overcome challenges posed by dynamic external changes, namely technological changes and accelerated globalization. This means it is not innovations per se that matters but innovations which embed within themselves game changing strategies would have to be followed by organizations, creating value could be a necessary condition for the company to survive but not a sufficient condition if they have to compete and win for which they need to change the rules of the game of strategy altogether in a manner that would replace the current ways and methods the businesses have been applying them in creating and appropriating value. In other words, the game changing innovations should not just stop with products and services but summarize within themselves the business processes, business models, and the way a company positions itself in comparison to its competitors. Throug h the principals we have learnt and acquired in strategic management, this paper will analyse the outlook for the industry and whether it presents the company with an attractive opportunity. In addition it will find out what strategic issues and problems merit front burner managerial attention? It is important to analyse the outlook for the industry and whether it presents the company with an attractive opportunity because Information technology is both an enormous industry in itself and the source of dramatic changes in business practices in all other sectors. The sequence of this paper begins by firstly recognising the outlook for the technology industry and IT industry and the description of Samsung. A brief explanation of the strategic issues, internal and external issues faced by Samsung will also be reviewed. Following this is Samsungs innovation which will covers key points such as strategies for Samsung, strategies for Samsung innovation and development of technology platform. Finally, this paper concludes by underlining recommendations for Samsung. Executive Summary 1. The Outlook for the Technology and Information Technology Industry. 1.1. Global perception 1.2. Continental perception 1.3. How South African citizens relate with technology, IT, and Samsung 2. Samsung. 2.1 Description of the company 2.2 Samsung Tablet 2.3 Future Plans 3. Strategic Issues. 3.1. INTERNAL ENVIROMENT 3.1.1. SWOT (environmental) analysis: Strengths and Weaknesses 3.2. EXTERNAL ENVIROMENT 3.2.1. SWOT (environmental) analysis: Opportunities and Threats 3.2.2. Changes in the external environment 3.2.3. Marketing Mix 4. A description of Samsung Innovation and Innovative Strategies for Samsung. 4.1. Two Samsung innovation uncharted innovative strategies 4.2. Future Samsung innovations 4.3. Development of technology platform 4.4. Conclusion on Samsung innovation 5. Recommendations 6. References The Outlook for the Technology and Information Technology Industry: Global perception: Market Analysis: According to the IT market analysis firm Gartner, Gartner, Inc. (NYSE: IT) is the worlds leading information technology research and advisory company. worldwide IT spending grew by more than anticipated in 2010, reaching 5.3%, as opposed to the predicted growth of 3.2%. Given the fragile state of the economic recovery, together with very low growth in most of the advanced markets, the mentioned number gives some grounds for hopefulness that corporate are preparing for higher rates of growth than is currently showing up in GDP figures around the world. In June 2011.The global IT spending will grow by 7.1% over 2010. Gartner sees some slowdown in spending on desktop PCs as big corporate delay refreshing their desktop PC infrastructure, but this is being more than made up for by increased spending on servers, storage, and networks. Even the spend on PCs shows strong growth if one adds in new spending on tablet PCs, a format that is proving extremely popular both with consumers and executives. The growth in global hardware spending in 2011 is predicted to be 11.7%. This is slightly behind the 12.1% growth achieved in 2010, in comparison with what was spent in 2009, but it represents a significant upward revision on Gartners earlier prediction of growth of 9.5% for the hardware segment in 2011. Continental perception: Market Analysis in Africa: Africa is a continent comprised of diverse countries, and each of these countries are developing at a different rate, many of these countries are dynamic emerging economies, some of which are essential states to American national strategic interests, one of which (South Africa) has been identified by the U.S. (Edward S. Marek) More than ever, the web is part of our daily lives. We live in a connected world that allows us to laugh, share, and live on the web. One of the major components of technology is internet. Africa has the lowest internet penetration rate globally. In Sub-Saharan African countries, for internet users the penetration rate is below 7% and for broadband it is under 1%. In Latin America and Caribbean, and East Asia and Pacific countries, the number is about 20% for internet users. North African countries are having a rate of 40.4%. However, even in North Africa the penetration rate for broadband subscribers is merely 2%. In Africa most internets is by low speed dial-up connections which are concentrated in Egypt, Kenya, and South Africa. More rapidly speed broadband connections through Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Lines (ADSL) are mainly found in South Africa, Egypt, Morocco, and Algeria. Africa had the worlds greatest growth in new mobile phones in 2008. Some Sub-Saharan countries had some growth of 40% yet overall penetration rates remain low. There are also important differences between Sub-Saharan countries, with penetration rates in resource rich and resource scarce coastal countries at about 50%, compared 15% in resource scarce closed in countries. How South African citizens relate with technology, IT, and Samsung: Amongst other mobile companies, Samsung continued to govern mobile phones in 2011. Samsung is considered trustworthy by many South Africans. The company has managed to establish itself as the ultimate in style and design. Samsungs target is to dominate the whole South African consumer electronics industry. Based on its trendy designs and innovative products, it has a competitive edge which is difficult to beat. The overall IT spending in South Africa has increased by 7.1% year-on-year during 2011 reaching a total of more than R111.6 billion, according to the latest figures from market analytics company IDC (International Data Corporation). The growth in IT services spending was determined by a recovering economy, increased business confidence, expanding bandwidth availability, and different infrastructure investments made in the country in 2010. In a recent research report, IDC cited that IT outsourcing constituted around 40% of the South African IT services market, which represents the largest market share of all IT services foundation markets. The 2012-2016 South Africa IT market compound annual growth rate is projected to be in the region of 13%, as a number of Major IT infrastructure projects generate spending at provincial levels. A projected improvement in South Africas broadband infrastructure and international bandwidth will also be an important market growth driver and will help drive demand for cloud computing solutions. Samsung: 2.1 Description of the company: Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd is an international leader in digital media and digital convergence technologies; Samsung is the globes largest company having the highest brand value. Samsung is functioning in more than 50 countries in the world. Their global strategy involves eight main regions Southeast Asia, Central Asia, Africa, and Middle East, China, North America, Europe and Latin America. Samsungs headquarters are in Seoul, South Korea. Strategy is long term planning to get the goals. It is a roadmap of future actions. After market researching the global market, Samsung gets plenty of feedback from its customer and employees. Samsung needs to advance its products promotional activities, customer service and online business since it is very important to satisfy its customers. Samsung strategic growth plan aims to fulfil the needs and wants of customers, expectations of employees and all other stakeholders. It requires focusing all its resources on increasing technological innovation and market share growth but the industrys infrastructure and labour skills at that moment were too unfavourable for Samsung to accomplish these and become competitive in the world market. In order to attain this, Samsung reinvented itself by primarily keeping on tract with its customers needs and wants. 2.2 Samsung Tablet: Samsung Mobile is one of the five units within the Korean Samsung Electronics. It is the second largest phone manufacturer and one of the largest technology companies by sales in the world, producing different devices including phones, TVs, cameras, computers, stereo systems, etc. The below information has been extracted from an article that was written based on Samsung Africa Forum 2013. Samsung Electronics announced the launch of the worlds first 8 inch tablet, the GALAXY Note 8.0. The whole of section 2.2 has been quoted due to technical terms. 2.2.1. A smart diary for life on the go Slim and compact enough to become the perfect on-the-go work and play companion, the GALAXY Note 8.0 brings powerful performance and functionality to support even the most demanding of lifestyles. Designed to store and manage your personal and professional data efficiently, this new era device gives users the perfect pocket-sized hands-on organisational tool and as a result, is ideal as a Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) tool to use in the workplace. Practical S Note templates and S Planner feature help to manage everyday tasks, including meeting notes, to-do lists, and even personal diary entries. All content can be entered and updated with the finest of detail. (Staff writer: Wed, Mar 13th, 2013) 2.2.2. New content and services GALAXY Note 8.0 is packed with pre-loaded content and apps specifically for the mass multimedia, value-maximising, consumer. Upgraded Chat-On provides easy instant messaging and group chatting in multiple formats images, video, voice, contacts for simple, enjoyable communication. Awesome Note, an integrated application that is introduced in android tablet for the first time with NOTE 8.0, is capable of near-unlimited note-taking uses including Memo, Diary, and Must-remember lists. With Flip board, youre RSS, social network and other feeds come together in one stylish, flip-able format so you can enjoy all your news and lifes great moments in one place. Flip board developed a customised version of its application exclusively for Samsungs Note 8.0 that allows users to take the S Pens hover feature and preview article headers beneath Flip boards main screen tiles. Finally, Smart Remote gives you a universal remote control and electronic programming guide allowing you to manage TV and video watching seamlessly. (Staff writer: Wed, Mar 13th, 2013) A new age of S Pen intelligence Optimised to aid personalised creativity, the Samsung S Pen has evolved to increase everyday usability and enhance creation expression. Embedded within the tablet, the S Pen is an extension of the GALAXY Note 8.0. Removing the S Pen from the device will automatically launch innovative features such as Pen Detection that will suggest adapted menus that it thinks youll need and Page Buddy, a feature that will intuitively activate your most recently adapted S Note home screen. (Staff writer: Wed, Mar 13th, 2013) S Pen technology is now so advanced that it doesnt even have to touch the screen. With Air View, the S Pen needs only to hover over the screen to see previews of videos, emails, photos, and appointments on S Planner without opening the file or application in full. S Pen Gesture allows images and content to be easily edited and cropped, whilst Paper Artist and Photo Note allow photos to be artistically personalised. (Staff writer: Wed, Mar 13th, 2013) Maximising mass multimedia consumption Creative multi-tasking with the GALAXY Note 8.0 is effortless due to innovative Dual View feature, two multi- window options that seamlessly allow you to facilitate multi-screen usage. Dual Views split screen accommodates optimal operation of different apps, such as launching the S Note on the web browser screen and allowing content to be resized, dragged and dropped as required. Multi-tasking is extended to phone calls*. Pop Up Note allows you to access S Note at any time to keep track of key actions and Pop Up Video ensures you can keep surfing the web whilst chatting content windows can be easily resized by pinching to enlarge or reduce. (Staff writer: Wed, Mar 13th, 2013) Perfect info-attainment partner Packed with features to engage, entertain, and excite, the GALAXY Note 8.0 supports your everyday needs in a practical way. Reading Mode transforms the GALAXY Note 8.0 into an e-Book reader, provides the optimal reading conditions to ensure you can curl up and enjoy a good book. You can even turn it into a universal remote control with Smart Remote, to seamlessly manage TVs, set-top boxes, DVD Blu-ray players. (Staff writer: Wed, Mar 13th, 2013) 2.3 Future Plans: Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., the world leader in advanced memory technology, announced on the 05 April that it is now mass producing Ultra High Speed-1 (UHS-1) interface micro SD cards that support the highest performance levels required on advanced LTE (Long Term Evolution) smart phones and tablets. (Seoul, Korea on Apr. 5. 2012) In the future, Samsung plans to expand its micro SD card offerings with higher density solutions that reinforce its position as the leading market innovator for NAND flash. Strategic Issues: 3.1. INTERNAL ENVIROMENT: 3.1.1. SWOT (environmental) analysis: Strengths and Weaknesses Swot analysis is the most important and first stage of planning. It is a feedback mechanism to make new strategies for any company. Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats are the four components of a swot analysis. Weaknesses and Strengths are correlated and examine the internal part of the business analysis whereas Opportunities and Threats deal with the external environment of business operation. Samsungs electronic strengths are: A strong global brand. It is the leading consumers electronics brand in the world. The Quality is good .They assure the same quality and range worldwide. Its vision is leading the digital convergence resolutions. It means they want to be the leader of the electronic items worldwide in order to get the goodwill as well. They have a strong concept. They are offering good design , good quality as well medium prices They have diversified products. Samsungs products has based on variety. It means they manufacture same items in diverse ways for the diverse kind of people for diverse countries. Technology. Voice call is clear and reckoned by customers as having a good value for their money; and the design of Samsungs electronics technology is very high. We can order right quality at the right price. Good reputation among customers. Samsung claims that it has well-established brand equity, and has performed extremely well since the past decade particularly from 2000 onwards. A range of innovative products with value-added features and functionalities have been launched by Samsung which have been very successful. The company strongly believes in playing to its strengths. (Samsung Group Timeline and History 2007). The senior management (2007) claims that the company has a diversified and talented human and intellectual capital. The executives pride themselves in having such capable employees and are confident that the workforce as well as the strategic partners including distributors, dealers, marketing and advertising agencies round the world would help Samsung Group, particularly the Samsung Mobile business segment, reach the rank of a global leader in electronics and telecommunication goods and devices. (Samsung Group Timeline and History 2007). Weaknesses for Samsung are: The global scale of Samsungs operation indicates that it has severe implication on its management system. To control a business in just one location is easy but for a worldwide operation is complicated and could be challenging. Base on the double digit decrease of its operating profit against the previous year, it indicates that its operating cost had also increased by more than 20%. Its operation had not been efficient enough to produce good profits. Samsung as a South Korean company is reckoned by most customer as only next to any Japanese firm since Japan is always considered as a high tech country in the world. Although companies strive to penetrate new markets, its concentration remains more on a few countries in Europe and North America. Samsung mobile focuses more Kingdom and United States compared to other countries. Although the diversified workforce is an asset to the company, many cultural and linguistic differences arise which lead to group conflicts and interpersonal grudges. Communication between individuals belonging to different nations may not be as efficient as between those who share the same culture and social background. The business is heavily investing into development of newer markets and segments. It wants to capture as many markets as possible in a smaller span of time. However, instead of taking thoughtful and careful steps in order to reach the global position it desires, Samsung is seems to be in a hurry to launch new products, segments and marketing campaigns. 3.2. EXTERNAL ENVIROMENT: 3.2.1. SWOT (environmental) analysis: Opportunities and Threats Opportunities A business uses its strengths to take advantage of the opportunities that arise, opportunities for Samsung are: Increases mobile and computer market Global growth. Entrance of new technologies A strong customer demand and good design. There is an increasing need of faster, dependable, and easy communication. Samsung sees a great opportunity in this. The technologies are advancing at a fast pace. The business, by gaining a deep insight into consumer preferences and needs, can develop products according to what the market needs and desires. Samsung Mobile has plenty opportunities to cease particularly with the rise in global population and the need for rapid communication. (EFFIE/ The Best Brand 2006). Threats If any company is aware of possible external threats, it can be addressed by generating new ideas to counter it or can use a particular strength to defend against threats in the market. The threats on Samsung are as follows: Changing social trends: It is trying to build on line help to guide customer to a more comfortable life. The online business and website promotion entails cost and any change introduces needs getting better staff competencies by training. Strong competition: Samsung faces strong competition from the other Korean company such as LG, KTF, SK aside from its foreign competitors like Sony Panasonic. Smart phones are easier to make now more than ever. New entrance in the market, more companies may enter the market, and competitors or even Samsung contractors can scheme around patents to create similar devices. Samsung has linked product lines; this means that if one product line fails due to its own reasons other product lines will also experience the same failure. Unlike Samsung, their competitors like Nokia has only paid attention in one segment and put much effort on it. Besides, the products made from China was very economic so Samsung could have a high competitive with their products. Retail chains like Big bazaar sell consumer electronics and home appliance in low cost strategy which produced in bulks foreign market. Therefore Samsung is also facing threats from many other low cost companies. New regulations and increased trade barrier. 3.2.2. Changes in the external environment External Environment: The external environment of an organization is those factors outside the company that affect the companys ability to function. Some external factors can be manipulated by company marketing, while other factors require the organization to make adjustments. Court Battles all Across the World One of the components of Samsungs external environment is their competitors. Competitors have a significant effect on how they do business and how they strategically address their target market. Apple has decided to take on the competition, Samsung directly in the same target market. The UK isnt the only place where Apple and Samsung lawyers are fighting. Apple and Samsung are fighting this fight across the world in nearly every country where Apple products are sold. Apple is tired of Samsung creating products that are very similar to what Apple puts out. Apple has won some of these battles while Samsung continues to pick up speed. Samsung has no control over this, as this is the market environment, what the company can really do is to adapt to the situation and fight the best way the knowhow. Any kind of company scandal can be damaging to the companys image. The public perception of Samsung can hurt sales its negative, or it can boost sales with positive company news. Samsung can influence public opinion by using public relations professionals to release strategic information, but it is also important for Samsung to monitor public opinion to try and defuse potential issues before they start to spread. The ultimate question is: did Samsung copy Apple or did Samsung simply come up with its own products that just so happen to look like Apples? Its tough to say which company came out with the concept of an iPad-like tablet first. Marketing mix of Samsung The marketing mix is one of the tools available to businesses to gain the reaction to its target market in relation to its marketing objectives .Marketing mix is the combination of 7ps. This includes price, place, promotion, product, people, process, and physical evidence. Its manufactures a range of designs which is directly concern to customer satisfaction. Samsung has high quality, capitalizes on packing branding, and having adequate warranties. Samsung technology is high and of good value. Samsung product electronic goods such as TVS, Computer, notebook, washing machine, microwave etc and the latest product is the tablet. Samsungs pricing strategy is neither high nor low; this means that the prices are affordable. Samsung offers schemes for all new products, during festive seasons, new years, when a new product is launched and on its anniversary, which helps to stimulated psychologically to customer. Samsung elucidates its vision as well as mission of marketing strategy by the following clarifications of 4 ps. Product: Samsungs product range worldwide included CTVs, audio and video products. IT products, mobile phones, and home appliances are Samsungs chief products. Samsungs product range covers all the categories in the consumer electronics and home appliances. Place: Samsung brands have 25 production base worldwide and more than fifty sales subsidiaries in about 50 countries, and their global strategy involves eight main regions. Samsung also sells its product through independent retailers. Customers can see and handle products they are taking into consideration of buying. Price: Pricing also seemed to have played an important role in Samsungs success. Samsung offers different pricing structures to reach out to different customers groups. The price plans are available on a monthly basis and a prepaid option. Promotion: Samsung advertises on TV, in magazines and in other media outlets; through this type of advertising they reach large audiences and spreads the brand image and the message very effectively. This is also known as above the line promotion. There is also the below the line promotion; every store has special offers, promotions, and posters showing sales offers to attract customers inside the store to buy. A description of Samsung Innovation and Innovative Strategies for Samsung: A description of Samsung Innovation and two innovative strategies for Samsung The innovations recommended here are ones that are diverse in the sense they are not preoccupied with short-term oriented competitive victories but they are focused on the long term oriented competitive advantage. It chalks out a new future for the company based on integrating intelligence instead of separating it out through diverse learning where in the ultimate, the output would be innovations. This paper assumes that Samsungs focal point would be more and more into the Information Technology and Communications (ICT) oriented business and consequently accords the highest priority to technology driven innovations. By the same token, it is also presumed the company would focus on deriving the most advantage from the emerging Internet opportunities. Two Samsung innovation uncharted innovative strategies The first innovative strategy this paper suggests focuses towards the expansion of software that would integrate the Smartphone with mobile payment system (e-wallet) which has implications far beyond from the way the current mobile payment system is functioning. In other words, the scope and opportunities in this area has not been exploited even by the stakeholders involved in the industry. The second relates to the development of a technology platform that would include the current and potential requirements of smart phones. Future Samsung innovations Central to the growth of any economy is a monetized system that makes business transactions and personal transactions competent, quick, and timely. With the technology advancing such a rapid phase, electronic payments in the next few years have the potential to replace in a considerable manner the legacy payments. But for that to happen, the stakeholders in the industry would have to understand the driving forces in the market for electronic payments. Even though at this time there are many solutions which are available that supports connecting bank credit/debit card accounts to on-time practical transactions, yet they suffer from the limitation of not changing the underlying value proposition which is the convenience to customers. Such a value proposition can not only be created but also appropriated only if the current limitations of smart phones as a tool for mobile payment are removed through development of software that could facilitate the contactless payment system. Currently the technology is limited to business-consumer segments, but, it offers scope for development of an assortment of payment system. If Samsung focuses into such an area as its innovative strategy by using the fame of its smart phones and user friendly software, it would ease its capturing and appropriating value proposition in the form of a different competitive strategy. Development of technology platform Before the introduction of smart phones, the mobile telephone and Internet were operating as two un-related entities, with its introduction what the customers today have is the mobile internet which has been made possible with the merging of smart phones and the Internet. For many of those organizations of which Samsung is one who are involved in the manufacture of computers systems, mobile telephony and personal digital assistant devices (PDAs), utilizing the potential offered by the smart phone industry and capturing the value they have created is considered to be a key to future expansion and profits. The value proposition that I am discussing is not just on the use of existing operating system as Android or what Samsung has developed in its own stable, the headlines that Samsung has imitated Apple by taking over its sales in the smartphone segment in July-September, 2011 quarter has not highlighted yet another aspect that can go against the company in the long term. It has to do with the operating system (OS). This may have created value for Samsung in the short term but it fails to address a critical issue for the future. Samsung does not have a strategy so far to capture the lock-in value of the customers and if it has to confine the value created by it, it should address this issue as its another innovative strategy. In this context to capture the value by locking-in the customers, Samsung has to focus on creation a technology platform for the present and future mobile devices. The winners in the technological competition are the ones who have not only the best platform strategy but also the best ecosystems to back it up. This makes it clear that if Samsung has to win over in the smart phone industry with a completive edge by capturing value and appropriate it in the form of revenues, innovating a technology platform should constitute its second strategy. 4.4. Conclusion on Samsung innovation This section of the paper has not only through its logical analysis has not only proved it but also identified two new innovative strategies which the company would have to take up to secure its place as a future driven company. This section has allowed you to agree that Samsung Innovation is real and they have brought up very innovative products and concepts to the market. The Samsung Innovation has made them compete with companies like Apple and larger companies . In electronics, they have also done well. Recommendations Samsung is one of the famous global companies (www.samsung.com) it has manufactured electronics goods and other concrete goods. Samsung is a well known brand because of its service, excellent employees, and Innovative reliable product. They have responsible approach to business and global citizenship and globalisation with partners and customers. Samsung t

One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich Dehumanization Essay

The novel â€Å"One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich† follows the life of a prisoner in a Siberian labor camp during the communist period. Although the novel only describes one day in the life of this prisoner, the author succeeds at making the motifs that occur most likely every day clear to the reader. A major motif in the novel â€Å"One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich† written by Alexander Solzhenitsyn is dehumanization; Ivan Denisovich Shukhov is striped of his humanity because he is treated similarly to the way an animal would be treated. He is given instructions every second of the day, and has no say in how to live his life. Dehumanization occurs when people view others as less than human, therefore not giving them the moral respect they deserve as humans. In this particular Stalinist labor camp, in which the main character Ivan Denisovich Shukhov is imprisoned, the officers are instructed to attack the prisoner’s dignity, therefore they are taking away their humanity, treating them like they would treat a cattle, not people. As soon as the novel begins, so does Shukhov’s day. When he opens his eyes, he already knows how the day will proceed, because all days are the same. He must go for breakfast at the same time every other prisoner does. This shows that he doesn’t have a say in when to do things, even such a basic need that many take for granted. Yet he does not complain, this is due to the fact that food is valuable to him and he has limited access to it. The prisoners are not only instructed when to eat, but they also have to compete for food, the same way a group of chickens would fight for some grain. This fact is clearly shown when the narrator describes the scene shortly before Shukhov receives his meal, â€Å"the cook shouted through the hatch, and people were shoving at him from the other side † (86). This shows how the workers have to fight to their food, as if they were savages. The cooks treat the men like one would treat a dog; throwing food among a large crowd, thus making the â€Å"dogs† fight for their food. This is inhumane and takes away the prisoner’s dignity. It is just one of the many meals that Shukhov will have during his stay in the labor camp that represent the motif of dehumanization, and not only that, also humiliation. As humiliating as it is, the prisoners are grateful for any type of meal they get, â€Å"A bowl of thin cabbage soup, half burned, was as welcome to them as rain to parched earth. They’d swallow it in one gulp. That bowl of soup—it was dearer than freedom, dearer than life itself, past, present, and future † (126). The prisoner’s minds are set the way an animals mind is, they only think about food, and it is their main reason for living. They have stepped to the level of an animal and lost their humanity and any hope in achieving anything else in their life. Another way in which the prisoners in this novel were dehumanized was the fact that they could not own anything that the officers found too dangerous. However, the officers took advantage of this and would not give the laborers any freedom. For example, Shukhov had to hide a loaf of bread in his mattress so he doesn’t get punished in one of the daily searches, â€Å"Stich, stich, stich, and the little tear in the mattress was ended, with the bread concealed under it† (25). This proves that the prisoners feared the officers, and the consequences that would come with not following the directions. Another way that the prisoner’s identity was taken away from them was that they were assigned numbers for easy identification, in an effort to dehumanize them. By numbering them they were once again treated like animals, a way that cows are labeled on a farm, and not like individual humans. To continue, officers in the camp play a big role in the dehumanization process of the prisoners. The officers are in charge and treat the workers without any respect. The guards use forced labor and cruelty to dehumanize the workers. This is shown when the narrator himself compares the workers to animals, â€Å"†¦the fellows bringing the mortar were winded like horses† (124). The prisoners were not only compared to horses, but also mules, hawks, and wolves. The officers treated the workers as if they were animals, therefore, they did not see them as human beings. This is shows when the narrators says, â€Å" He wouldn’t treat us like human beings; now let him burst himself shouting† (118). The officers looked at the prisoners as less than humans. The officers were the ones that took away the prisoner’s identity and humanity In conclusion, a key motif in the novel, â€Å"One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich† written by Alexander Solzhenitsyn is dehumanization. Prisoners in this novel are treated not as humans should be treated but as animals. They are gathered in crowds to be fed and counted. In this way the officers strip them of their identity and their humanity. Leaving behind only humiliation and disrespect.

Nop Application Form

Lahore University of Management Science Application form for National Outreach Programme Batch 2013 Who can apply? 1 Photograph Paste here with glue Applicants should have atleast 80% MARKS IN MATRICULATION in order to apply for the NOP. Moreover, NOP is a NEED BASED SCHOLARSHIP. Only genuinely financially deserving students will be considered for the Programme. Instructions for the submission of application form: Please follow these instructions carefully: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Fill the form in BLOCK LETTERS.Fill in the form using a black pen. Write your name and date of birth at the back of each photograph. Fill the form completely; INCOMPLETE forms will not be processed. Submit all the required supporting documents (Listed below) with your application form. Applications WITHOUT COMPLETE DOCUMENTS will not be processed. No further reminder will be sent. †¢ †¢ Application Form along with all the required supporting documents should reach LUMS Admissions O ffice latest by April 19, 2013.Selection decisions will be mailed in June – July 2013. CHECKLIST OF THE REQUIRED ACADEMIC DOCUMENTS: Please mail all the required supporting documents (mentioned below) along with the application form in a single envelope to the mailing address given below in the box: †¢ †¢ †¢ Three attested latest passport size photographs; Attested copy of Matriculation/O level result card (Attestation should be from your School); Attested copy of National Identity Card (NIC) of your parents/guardian;Page 1 of 9 CHECKLIST OF THE REQUIRED FINANCIAL AID DOCUMENTS: For each of the items in the check list below, please ensure that you either provide the relevant document(s) or if this is not possible specify a logical reason for not being able to do so. For example: If you don’t have any loan outstanding against your name, you can write: I certify that I don’t have any loan outstanding against my name. The LUMS Financial Aid Office ha s the right to accept or reject the explanation/reason. †¢ †¢ †¢Income certificates of all earning members of the family* – This includes latest salary slip for salaried persons (father/ mother/ brothers/ sisters), pension books for retired, income affidavit for self employed or businessman and a certificate/ proof in case of any other income. Bank Statements (for the last year) of all bank accounts in the names of all the family members and in the name of business in case of businessmen. Utility Bills (last three months) – Electricity, Gas, Phone, Water. Note: * An income certificate is the document that shows monthly/annual income.If your parents/guardian are salaried, an original copy of a pay slip should be attached, otherwise if your parents/guardian own a business they should submit Bank Statement for the last one year. If parents/ guardian do not fall in either of the above two cases (that is salaried employee or business man) they should submit a n undertaking on a stamp paper/affidavit (of Rs. 20) stating their income and with relevant details. Important Notes: †¢ †¢ In case of providing false information, candidate will be disqualified and his / her application will not be considered.If required, you will be requested to provide more financial documents/ information to carry the process further. Mailing address is given below: Syed Absar Ul Hassan Office of Admissions Lahore University of Management Sciences Sector U, DHA, Lahore Cantt. 54792 2 Photographs Staple here Page 2 of 9 Personal Information Name: Father’s Name: Guardian’s Name: Date of Birth (of student): ______/______/______ dd / mm / yy Father’s / Guardian’s NIC #: (Provide a copy of NIC) Mailing Address: (All future correspondence will be made on this address) CITY: Phone #: / (City code) DISTRICT: Mobile #: PROVINCE:Permanent Address: ( If different from the mailing address) CITY: Phone #: / (City code) DISTRICT: PROVINCE : Email*: * It is mandatory for you to have a valid email address as well otherwise your form can be considered INCOMPLETE. Do you have internet access at home or near your house? YES NO Page 3 of 9 Secondary School Information Total Marks/ Grades Matric / O-level Name of School / College Name of Examination Board Did you have a position in Board Exam? If yes; which one? YES NO Obtained Marks/Grades 1 – 2 – 3 – 4 – 5 – 6 – 7 – 8 – 9 – 10 Post Secondary School/Intermediate level Degree InformationHave you completed your intermediate level degree? YES NO Total Marks/ Grades Intermediate / A-level 1st year Intermediate / A-level 2nd year General Science Roll No: Obtained Marks/Grades Stream Name: Pre-Medical Pre-Engineering Arts/Commerce Other Name of Examination Board Did you have a position in Board Exam? YES NO If yes; which one? Any other achievement: 1 – 2 – 3 – 4 – 5 – 6 – 7 à ¢â‚¬â€œ 8 – 9 – 10 Give details of teacher / headmaster / principal of your institution who knows you personally. Name: School: Tel:________/_____________ (city code) Address:__________________________________________Email address: Page 4 of 9 Give details about yourself and your siblings*: *Siblings are brothers and sisters Full Name Age (in years) School / College / University (If still studying) Annual Fee (in Rs) Parents Scholarships Contribution (in Rs) (in Rs) Assets Title i. House ii. Land / Plot iii. Agriculture iv. Commercial Any other information Asset Ownership** Current Value ( in Pakistani Rupees) Area (in Kanals/Marlas or Sq. Feet) Location **In this column provide information about who owns the specific asset. It can be your father, mother, brother or grandfather etc.Income Source Profession i. Agricultural income (Annual) ii. Salary / Pension (Annual) iii. Returns on Saving & Investment (Annual) iv. Rental Income(Annual) v. Business Income (Annual) vi. Income from any other source Total (i, ii, iii, iv,v & vi) A: Total Income: (A+B+C) Father’s Mother’s Guardian’s / Brother’s & Sister’s B: C: Page 5 of 9 How many air-conditioners do you have in your house? Type of Vehicle 1 2 3 4 Make and Model Owned by Annual Educational Expenses Annual Rent (If living in a rented house) Annual Taxes Annual Telephone Bills Are there any outstanding loans? ) ii) iii) Yes No Annual Medical Expenses Transportation/Food/Traveling Expenses/Other Expenses (per Annum) Annual Electricity Bills Annual Water/Gas Bills If yes then: Please indicate the amount of loan in Rs. ________________________. And also please specify the purpose for taking the loan ___________________ The source from where loan was taken Bank * Relative Employer* Other (Please Specify): * Please attach the supporting documents in case the loan is taken from a Bank or Employer. Any other expense: ? Tuition Fee for the first year at LUMS is Rs. 5,00,000/ - approximately ?Please Indicate the total amount of contribution you can make towards your tuition fee annually at LUMS Rs: ________________ Page 6 of 9 Why do you require financial aid (Attach separate sheet if required)? How did you get to know about National Outreach Program? (Tick any one of the following) Friends/Relatives Newspaper Add LUMS website Information Session at School/College Kindly mention the School/College Name where you attended the session:_________________________________________ Other(Please Specify): ___________________________ Undertaking: I certify that the information given on this form is accurate to the best of my knowledge.I understand that any misrepresentation may cause my dismissal from the Programme at any stage. ________________________ Applicant’s Signatures Date: ______/______/______ dd / mm / yy ________________________ Father/Guardian’s Signature Date: ______/______/______ dd / mm / yy For enquiries regarding your application for m contact us at: Phone: 042-35608000; Ext: 2433 Fax: 042-35898317, Email: [email  protected] edu. pk Page 7 of 9 Essay Topic: Describe a situation or an experience of your life which demonstrates your best characteristic or quality (200 words): You can express your ideas in English or Urdu. 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